
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme found in all living cells, serving as a critical electron carrier in redox reactions. It exists in two forms: NAD+ (the oxidized form) and NADH (the reduced form). In research settings, it is primarily studied for its essential role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. It acts as a necessary substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs, which regulate metabolic homeostasis, genomic stability, and biological aging models.